answer and check lab question

I need support with this Biology question so I can learn better.

1. What is the name of the only pigment that captures light directly in photosynthesis? (be specific) (2 points)
2. Why does this pigment appear green? (2 points)
1. List two variables besides the wavelength (color) of light which might affect the rate of food production in plants. (4 points)
2. Why is chlorophyll important for all biological life? (5 points)
3. 1. In Part I of the procedure, what is the name of the indicator used to identify the presence of CO₂? (2 points)
   2. What color did the indicator turn after blowing air into the water through the straw? (2 points)
4. 1. What color did the indicator turn after the tube was placed under a light source for 30 minutes? (2 points)
   2. Why did this occur? (3 points)
5. List the functions of these four common pigments found in plants. (4 points)
   1. Chlorophyll a
   2. Chlorophyll b
   3. Xanthophyll
   4. Carotene
6. If the R_f value of a pigment is .3750 and the distance that the solvent traveled is 11 cm, how far did the pigment travel? (5 points)
7. Please list the Distance the solvent traveled, the Distance the pigment traveled, and the calculated R_f value for each of the pigments extracted from the spinach leaves, in the acetone chromatography procedure. (8 points)
   1. Carotene
   2. Xanthophyll
   3. Chlorophyll a
   4. Chlorophyll b
8. Based on the R_f results, which pigment has the highest molecular weight? How can you tell? (5 points)
9. From the chromatography lab, which pigments were soluble in the acetone? Explain your answer. (5 points)
10. The earth’s early atmosphere did not contain oxygen gas. This changed dramatically once the early cells underwent photosynthesis.
    1. Given that the early atmosphere did not contain oxygen gas, explain how photosynthesis was able to occur in this type of early atmosphere. (5 points)
    2. How did the photosynthesis process allow for the evolution of other, non-photosynthetic organisms? (5 points)
11. 1. In reviewing the data from the floating disk experiment, which factor had a greater impact on the rate of photosynthesis, increased light intensity or increased concentration of carbon dioxide? (1 point)
    2. Use your data to justify your response. (5 points)

**INFORMATION NEEDED TO COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS**

Independent Variable: This is the cause.

Dependent Variable: This is the response or effect.

One hundred samples of several different plants were placed in each of six sealed containers with water in them. At the end of two days the amount of oxygen produced was measured. Results are shown in the table below.

1. Multiple Choice: Based on the data presented in the table, which two containers could be correctly used to compare the rate of photosynthesis at two different light sources? Explain your answer. (5 points)
   1. 1 and 2
   2. 2 and 3
   3. 1 and 5
   4. 5 and 6
   5. 4 and 5
2. Multiple Choice: Compare Containers 4 and 5. What independent variable is tested by this comparison? Explain your answer. (5 points)
   1. Kind of plant
   2. Height of plant
   3. Light intensity
   4. Distance from light source
   5. Light source
3. Multiple Choice: Which container had the slowest rate of photosynthesis? Explain your answer. (5 points)
   1. 1
   2. 2
   3. 3
   4. 4
   5. 5
   6. 6
4. (Application) How might the information gained from this lab pertaining to photosynthesis and pigments be useful to you, or how can you apply this knowledge to your everyday life as a non-scientist? The application will be graded according to the rubric below. (20 points